Introductory article
At the beginning of the 1900’s there was much interest in the use of the first semi-automatic pistol both as pistol and carbine.
This
demand
was
felt
both
in
commercial
and
in
military
domains.
The
Borchardt
,
the
Mauser
C96
,
and
the
Luger
Carbine
are
some
examples
of
this
interest.
The
Artillery
Luger
represents
an
historical
milestone
in
the
development
and
use
of
the
pistol-carbine
semiautomatic
in
the
military
domain.
The
military
use
of
the
Luger
Artillery
Model
ended
after
the
Great
War,
even
though
a
limited
production
of
automatic
LP08
pistols
was
made
during the Second World War.
In
the
commercial
domain
the
success
of
the
Artillery
Luger
Model
continued,
especially
in
the
United
States,
up
to
the
second
half
of
the
1930’s.
Several catalogs of the epoch are reporting to us this interest (
Stoeger
,
Frantzius
,
Pacific Arms
).
After
the
Second
World
War,
the
Mauser
firm
produced
the
Luger
Artillery
Model,
under
French
control,
from
1945
up
through
1947.
Most
recently
Mauser produced this model in a limited commemorative series during the 1985-86 time-frame.
This
article
will
briefly
summarize
the
history
of
this
model.
Those
who
are
interested
in
a
thorough
analysis
of
Artillery
Luger
history
can
refer
to
the
book
“La
Luger
Artiglieria
–
The
Luger
Artillery”
,
the
first
book
completely
dedicated
to
this
model.
This
book
contains
more
than
190
photos
and
describes various models and accessories.
Military Requirements
In
1907,
the
German
Artillery
requested
the
development
of
a
pistol-carbine.
Comparative
tests
were
done
between
several
pistols
of
the
day,
the
Borchardt, the Mauser C96, and the Frommer, but these pistols were not chosen for adoption.
In
1908
the
German
Army
adopted
the
Pistole
08
(P08).
The
Kriegsministerium
decided
at
that
time
to
re-consider
the
artillery
requirements.
Captain
Adolf
Fischer
was
assigned
to
head
a
team,
that
in
collaboration
with
DWM
/
Deutsche
Waffen
–
Und
Munitionsfabriken,
was
tasked
develop
such
a
variation.
It
is
possible
to
trace
several
technical
solutions
back
to
the
previous
models.
The
first
stocked
Lugers
with
7
inch
barrels
were
produced
for
the
South
American
market
around
1900.
Many
of
these
Lugers
have
the
GL
stamp
which
indicates
that
Mr.
Georg
Luger,
inventor
of
the
pistol,
was
directly
involved
in
the
supervision
of
their
manufacture.
The
serial
number
of
these
weapons
falls
in
the
interval
10.000-10.050.
Experiences
with
these
pistols
were
refined
and
incorporated
into
the
Luger
model
Carbine.
The
Imperial
German
Navy
also
adopted
a
pistol-carbine,
the
Selbstladepistolen 1904 (P04)
.
Captain
Fisher
was
inspired
by
these
preceding
models
to
fulfill
the
Artillery
requirements.
The
result
was
a
Luger
with
an
8
inch
barrel,
an
8-position
tangent
rear
sight
(calibrated
to
800
meters)
and
a
shoulder
stock
with
holster.
Kaiser
William
II
approved
the
official
use
of
the
LP08
on
June
3
rd
1913.
LP08 Use
The
Imperial
Artillery
was
the
first
military
unit
to
use
the
new
Luger
but,
due
to
this
model’s
extreme
flexibility,
other
types
of
military
units
including
the
famous
elite
troops
Sturmtruppen
also
employed
it.
The
new
aviation
military
units
also
used
the
Luger
Artillery.
Several
tests
were
performed
for
evaluating
the
effectiveness
of
the
pistol
in
aerial
fights,
and
in
the
damage
experienced
on
the
airplane
engines.
But
the
Sturmtruppen,
on
the
Western
front,
proved
to
be
the
most
important
use.
The
historical
pictures
are
today
a
useful
instrument
to
analyze
and
clarify
the use of the LP08.
World
War
I
quickly
turned
into
a
stagnant
trench
war.
A
philosophy
of
"live
and
let
live"
silently
and
comprehensibly
emerged
among
the
soldiers
on
both
sides.
The
soldiers
clearly
preferred
to
maintain
their
trench
positions
instead
of
inconclusive
and
costly
blood-thirsty
attacks.
With
the
intent
to
break
this
"status
quo",
a
new
tactic
of
fighting
was
developed.
The
new
tactic
introduced
the
use
of
small
groups
of
well-armed
soldiers
with
limited
objectives. For the first time, infiltrations into hostile lines were used.
The
Sturmtruppen
were
also
armed
with
the
LP08
with
a
new
large
capacity
magazine.
The
Trommelmagazine
provided
a
great
volume
of
fire
that
was
effective
in
the
trench
fighting.
This
magazine
loaded
up
to
32
rounds
of
ammunition.
It
was
carried
in
unusual
holsters
made
of
cloth
(some
Trommelmagazine
holsters
presented
in
my
book
are
shown
in
leather,
but
there
is
no
confirmation
on
their
actual
use
in
combat).
The
Trommelmagazine, together with the
special loading tool
and the ammunition, were stored and transported in a wooden box called a
P-Kasten
.
The Model History
This section will briefly describe the Luger Artillery models, from the Imperial types to the Commemorative models produced in 1985-86.
We
begin
with
the
acceptance
prototypes
produced
by
the
DWM
for
the
Army
qualification
trials.
DWM
made
about
fifty
pieces
between
1912
and
1913.
Charles
Kenyon,
Jr.
wrote
a
very
good
article
on
these
pre-production
pistols.
These
pistols
obviously
don't
have
the
standard
military
acceptance stamps. The followings aspects characterize them:
1. The date is not present on the chamber;
2.
The
rear
sight
numbers
are
engraved;
indicative
of
the
care
applied
to
this
pistol
(this
is
also
evidence
that
not
all
the
production
tools
were
available yet. DWM used the results of the trials as justification to invest in the production tools).
3. The diameter of the sight adjusting screw is larger than the later production.
4. The serial number was stamped on the front of the frame and doesn’t follow the military standard at all.
5. The inner rear frame re-enforcement is not present.
It
seems
that
the
first
Luger
Artillery
were
equipped
with
a
prototyping
stock
,
similar
to
the
one
used
with
the
Mauser
C96.
In
fact,
it
is
possible
to
put
the
LP08
inside
this
stock
as
for
the
C96.
Recently
some
replicas
of
this
holster/stock
have
been
produced
and
the
result
is
really
interesting.
This
stock was not retained for the final configuration.
Following
Army
acceptance,
the
production
of
the
LP08
was
assigned
to
DWM,
and
also
to
the
Royal
Arsenal
of
Erfurt.
Erfurt
produced
the
LP08
only
in
the
year
1914,
DWM
production
continued
up
to
the
end
of
the
First
World
War.
When
WWI
was
over,
the
Treaty
of
Versailles
placed
the
LP08
among
the
weapons
that
were
prohibited
for
manufacture
and
issue.
Many
of
them
were
unfortunately
destroyed.
Some
were
reworked
by
an
arsenal
and had the barrel shortened and many others were hidden away. The LP08 only remained in service with the Navy.
With
the
intent
to
distinguish
government-owned
weapons
from
those
that
were
contraband
or
clandestine,
on
August
7,
1920,
an
order
was
issued
by
the
Reichstag,
known
as
"law
for
disarmament
of
the
people,"
that
forced
all
persons
to
turn
in
all
contraband
war
weapons
obtained
from
the
battlefields
during
the
conflict
and
also
during
the
revolutionary
movements
that
followed
the
war.
The
directive
"Inspektion
der
Infanterie
Nr.
657.T
20
J2s
(W.2)"
introduced
perhaps
a
most
unique
circumstance
in
history,
in
that
the
year
“1920”
was
stamped
on
government-issued
weapons
as
evidence
of
state
ownership.
This
activity
created
the
variation
known
as
the
Luger
“double
date”
.
These
pistols
are
characterized
by
the
double
date
over
the
chamber.
Actually
the
state
property
mark
of
“1920”
was
stamped
above
the
manufacture
year
chamber
date.
There
are
some
LP08s
known in this configuration.
After
WWI,
the
German
economy
was
characterized
by
enormous
inflation.
The
American
market
was
the
only
national
market
to
experience
growth.
In
the
United
States
during
the
1920’s,
several
different
importers
commercialized
the
sale
of
Luger
pistols.
Among
the
principal
vendors,
we
can
identify
Stoeger
&
Co.
(of
New
York),
and
Pacific
Arms
Corporation
(of
San
Francisco).
In
this
period,
Artillery
Lugers
with
barrels
as
long
as
sixteen
inches
(twice
as
long
as
the
basic
model)
appeared.
For
the
first
time
the
Artillery
Luger
appeared
in
caliber
.30
(7.65mm)
Luger.
These
weapons
were
often
mounted
with
a
10-position
rear
sight.
Stoeger
is
considered
the
most
active
importer
and
requested
that
DWM
personalize
the
production
of
its
Lugers.
Starting
in
1923
the
Lugers
imported
by
Stoeger
have,
on
the
right
side,
the
inscription
A.F.
STOEGER
Inc.
/
New
York.
On
October
5th
1929,
Stoeger
was
granted
exclusive
commercial
trademark
in
the
use
of
the
name
Luger.
From
this
date
all
the
Stoeger
imported
Lugers
bore the stamp GENUINE LUGER - REGISTERED U.S. PATENT OFFICE along the frame rail below the upper receiver.
Beginning
in
1930,
the
production
of
the
Luger
pistols
moves
from
DWM
to
Mauser
located
in
Oberndorf;
Mauser
was
part
of
the
Loewe
Group
since
December
1887
and
DWM
was
set
up
in
November
1896.
Loewe
was
the
parent
company
of
DWM.
just
as
DWM
was
the
parent
company
of
Mauser.
In
1928,
the
control
of
the
DWM
Company
was
obtained
by
the
Quandt
Group.
Mauser
production
through
1934
was
based
on
the
old
DWM
orders.
The
Stoeger
Artillery
Lugers
were
produced
by
Mauser
maintaining
the
DWM
stamp
on
the
toggle.
After
1934,
Mauser
distinguishes
between
military
and commercial Luger production orders. In this period, two interesting variations of Artillery Luger are produced, the Persian and Siamese models.
The
Persian
model
is
characterized
by
numerous
Farsi
language
inscriptions.
These
models
are
considered
very
interesting
and
“exotic”.
The
Siamese model is the first LP08 created with the commercial Mauser Banner.
Recently
a
new
variation
resurfaces;
in
fact,
some
Imperial
Luger
(P08,
Navy
and
LP08)
with
Thai
marks
have
been
found.
These
pistols
survived
WWI and were sold as surplus to the Royal Thai Police somewhere between 1919 and 1937. They are characterized by particular
Thai stamps
.
There are some examples of use of LP08 during WWII; for sure some LP08 where used in Italy during the Anzio’s battle.
It
seems
that
a
telescopic
stock
has
been
associated
to
this
pistol
but
there
are
no
official
documents
tracing
this
point.
Recently,
it
has
been
discoved that the above mentioned telescopic stock was manufactured in Japan by MTC as an accessory for their Luger pistol copies.
At
the
end
of
the
Second
World
War,
the
French
Army
occupied
the
Mauser
factory
in
Oberndorf
and
took
over
the
production
of
the
P08.
During
this
period
of
French
control,
a
small
number
of
LP08
models
were
also
produced.
The
P08
was
used
by
the
French
Police
(Gendarmerie),
and
also
by
the
French
Army,
especially
in
Indochina.
Up
to
know
five
variations
of
P08
have
been
reported.
It
is
possible
to
find
the
LP08
in
the
second
and
third
variations.
The
second
variation
is
characterized
by
French
“*”
(star)
proof
mark;
the
third
one
by
the
Commercial
nitro
German
eagle/n
proof
mark.
The
total
amount
of
Luger
production
under
French
control
should
be
not
greater
than
3500
specimens.
Up
to
know
only
ten
Luger
Artillery
have
been
reported
by
collectors.
Therefore
the
1946-1947
Mauser
LP08
made
under
French
control
is
one
of
the
most
rare
and
collectible
variations.
The
P08
was
mainly
used
in
the
Indochina
and
Alger
wars.
In
1950,
5000
P08
manual
have
been
published
mainly
for
the
army
gunsmith
involved
in the Indochina war. These manuals are today really rare.
The French Army used also the P38 pistol. Also for this model a similar user manual has been published in the same year.
In the 1948, the
dismantling process
started and in 1953 the Mauser firm is completely liquidated.
In
1969,
Mauser
was
awarded
a
contract
by
Interarms
in
the
United
States
and
production
of
the
P08
was
commercially
resumed.
Mauser
initially
bought
the
entire
production
package
of
the
1929
Swiss
model.
In
particular,
it
has
been
acquired
all
the
inspection
gauges
necessary
to
evaluate
the
dimension
of
each
single
part
of
the
gun.
Not
all
the
gauges
where
adequate
to
evaluate
the
new
produced
pistols
therefore
Mauser
made
specific
gauges
. Recently the gauges acquired by Mauser from the Swiss and made also by
Mauser have been found in Oberndorf
.
The new Mauser was based on three pistol types:
· The model known as
29/70
, similar to the 06/29 Swiss model;
· The model
06/73
, analogous to the P06 model;
· And the
Commemorative
models.
The
contract
with
the
Interarms
called
for
100,000
Parabellum
Pistols
to
be
produced
in
10
years.
It
is
interesting
to
highlight
that
Mauser
in
the
1970’s
was
only
able
to
produce
1000
guns
per
month
against
the
500-600
per
day
that
were
produced
in
1939.
In
1986,
the
production
of
the
Commemorative
models
concluded
with
the
production
of
the
LP08.
This
last
Artillery
Luger
was
manufactured
both
in
7.65
mm,
and
9
mm
Parabellum.
In
the
advertising
of
the
period,
it
is
written
that
the
last
Artillery
models
produced
by
the
Mauser
were
inspired
by
the
Stoeger,
Persian,
and
Siamese
models
of
the
1930’s.
It
is
important
to
note
that
the
blueprints
and
production
tools
for
both
pistols
had
been
saved
from
destruction
by
August
Weiss
in
1947.
The
LP08
in
caliber
7.65
mm
Parabellum
,
due
to
the
rarity
of
this
calibre,
is
highly
sought
after
by
collectors.
These
guns
were furnished in a particularly luxurious case that contained the pistol, the stock, the cleaning rod, the screwdriver and the sight adjustment tool.
An
extensive
research
has
been
performed
by
the
author
about
the
post
WWII
Parabellum.
The
result
of
this
study
has
been
summarized
in
a
new
book: “The Parabellum is back! 1945 - 2000”.
Additional information can be find in the web site “
The Parabellum is back
”.
Artillery Luger pistol and Mauser Parabellum
Artillery Luger
© Mauro Baudino 2023 - all rights reserved